The Under Reported War 19 - July 6th 2025
Today is Day 1,229 of Putin’s 3-Day Special Military Operation
____________________________________________________________________________
Welcome to a weekly roundup of news from the war in Ukraine you probably did not hear about. All reports will be linked to their sources so you can read the original if you’d like to. If you have any questions or need more detail I’ll be happy to try to give you answers.
____________________________________________________________________________
Sunday 29th June - Saturday 5th July 2025
Ukraine’s Murakha unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) can transport half a tonne under fire / Main Directorate for Lifecycle Support of Armaments and Military Equipment
____________________________________________________________________________
Here are some of the things you probably did not hear about this week.
____________________________________________________________________________
BEHIND THE HEADLINES
——————————————
Continuing Criticism of Ukraine’s High Command
https://xxtomcooperxx.substack.com/p/dons-weekly-30-june-2025-part-2?utm_source=%2Finbox&utm_medium=reader2
“..too many disparate battalions are increasing the difficulties of command and control.”
The bungling Russian High Command has become a laughing-stock in this war, most likely because of Putin’s direct interference in operations. He really is (not) a very great military genius. However, there has also been consistent criticism of the Armed Forces of Ukraine (ZSU)’s senior command and it’s slow, patchy attempt to shift the army away from archaic Soviet-era command and control towards a system that better suits the way the ZSU needs to fight to win.
An army corps is a collection of brigades and battalions under the control one senior officer who can then use those units to support each other in operations. This increases the efficiency and battle-worthiness of the corps as a whole. This year, Ukraine shifted to using army corps each with a sector of the frontline to defend. However, the ZSU High Command under General Syrskyi still insists on injecting independent units into their new corps’ fields of operations, wrecking any chance of co-ordination. This is what Russia looks to exploit. An inexperienced unit unfamiliar with local terrain and lacking communications with units either side of it is far easier to shatter than a similar unit in an integrated corps.
Here’s one current example. It’s the 20th (XX) Corps fighting in Donetsk. It was weakened significantly because one of its major brigades, the 17th Heavy Mech, was detached by ZSU High Command to go fight elsewhere as an independent unit. The now-diminished XX Corps (dark blue on the map) then got into difficulties. Other independent brigades (light blue) were rushed in to help, but they lack coordination with XX Corps and will take heavier casualties than necessary even if they stabilise this section of the front.
The units marked in dark blue belong to the XX Corps, ZSU. The 17th Heavy Mechanized Brigade is also part of the XX Corps is still in another sector. The light blue rectangles mark disparate battalions from a miscellany of other brigades / Sarcastosaurus
Further evidence of the ZSU imitating Russia’s well-established incompetence comes from an investigation into the false reports submitted by some units. It’s hard to win a war if the information decisions are based upon is inaacurate.
Defence in Donetsk Oblast: Vuhledar tactical group regularly submitted false reports – DeepState
https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2025/06/27/7518968/
DeepState, a Ukrainian group of military analysts, has reported the systematic submission of false reports by some units of the Vuhledar tactical group, which has created a distorted perception of the situation on the line of contact.
——————————————
Rzeszów Airpot in Poland is where the majority of military aid transported by air arrives before being shipped on to Ukraine. For obvious reasons, it was protected by two US PATRIOT and Norwegian NASAMS missile batteries. The Americans have now withdrawn. Later this year, the airbase will receive additional defence from F-35 fighters supplied by Norway.
Norway to Deploy F-35 Fighter Jets to Poland to Protect Ukraine Aid Hub
https://en.defence-ua.com/news/norway_to_deploy_f_35_fighter_jets_to_poland_to_guard_key_aid_hub_for_ukraine-14998.html
”Norway will deploy its F-35 fighter jets to Poland this fall to help protect a key NATO logistics hub in Rzeszów that supports military and humanitarian aid deliveries to Ukraine.”
——————————————
An astonishing number of Russian soldiers have deserted since the war began. Why astonishing? Because the Kremlin deploys ‘barrier troops’ behind the front line to shoot any soldiers who desert or refuse to fight. In Stalin’s time, this was the job of the NKVD secret police, these’s days it Chechen units. Ironically, those same Chechens rarely fight on the frontline themselves. I wonder why?
UK Defense Intelligence: Over 20,000 Russian Soldiers Abandon Post Since the Full-Scale Invasion Began
https://en.defence-ua.com/analysis/uk_defense_intelligence_over_20000_russian_soldiers_abandon_post_since_the_full_scale_invasion_began-14997.html
”New data reveals a staggering surge in AWOL and desertion cases among Russian troops, highlighting deep cracks in morale and training since the full-scale invasion of Ukraine began.”
You almost certainly won’t have heard these stories elsewhere… welcome to The Under-Reported War.
The Kremlin’s killers. Chechens serve as ‘barrier troops’ shooting retreating Russian soldiers / TASS
____________________________________________________________________________
NEWS FROM THE FRONTLINE
——————————————
Russia’s much vaunted summer offensive in Sumy oblast which the doom-sayers claimed would stretch the ZSU beyond breaking point has gone nowhere fast. That might explain the next story.
Fight On Ukraine’s Northern Border Sees Elite Troops Poured In From Both Sides
https://www.twz.com/news-features/fight-on-ukraines-northern-border-sees-elite-troops-poured-in-from-both-sides
“ Russia has amassed 50,000 troops including some of its best units to try and advance into northern Ukraine.”
I have to say that ‘elite troops’ and ‘best units’ are relative terms. Russia’ paratroops (VDV) and marines have borne the burden of responsibility of leading many attacks. Wastefully, (and luckily for Ukraine), that means they are first into the meat grinder. They have all been reconstituted many times over. It would be surprising if there is a single surviving frontline soldier below the rank of captain who has served continuously in any of these units since the beginning of the invasion. Most Russian army recruits get a week or less basic training these days; the VDV gets, at best, a month. That does not make them ‘elite’ by the standards of any Western or Chinese army. However, they do get new equipment as a priority. That doesn’t seem to help. Like everyone else they very rarely use their tanks or armoured personnel carriers. It is too dangerous. ‘Mobile coffins’ is the Russian army nick-name for them.
——————————————
North Korean troops might be fighting in Ukraine within weeks according to the South Korean government. It’s hard to believe this would happen because, if true, it would legitimise forces from any other nation then fighting on the Ukrainian side. Would Russia really be foolish enough to do this? I guess we’ll soon find out. Since North Korea took over 50% casualties (10% is considered very bad by every other army) in Kursk last winter, it is hard to see how these fresh troops would do much better.
North Korean forces may soon fight inside Ukraine, says Seoul
https://euromaidanpress.com/2025/06/27/north-korean-forces-may-soon-fight-inside-ukraine-says-seoul/
“South Korea warns Pyongyang is preparing for deployment of forces into Ukrainian territory as early as July.”
——————————————
I doubt there’s been a war in human history where captured equipment was not then used against its former owner. Ukraine does this all the time.
M2 Bradley Fighting Vehicle Appears In Russia With Locally Made 30mm Cannon
https://www.twz.com/land/m2-bradley-fighting-vehicle-appears-in-russia-with-locally-made-30mm-cannon
“The captured infantry fighting vehicle has had its Bushmaster chain gun swapped out for a Russian-made weapon.”
——————————————
We’ve talked a lot about how mines, artillery, loitering munitions and, above all, drones dominate this war. Here’s another example. It is good military practice to prepare bridges you might need to deny to the enemy by wiring them up with demolition charges. Such explosives need detonators which can be quickly inserted before being blown up. Without them, the bridges are safe to use. Or, rather, they were before the advent of drone warfare. Enter a little First-Person View (FPV) drone armed with a detonator. It pushes the detonator into the wired up charges on a Russian bridge and triggers its demolition.
Bringing The Detonator: How A Ukrainian FPV Destroyed A Russian Bridge
https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidhambling/2025/07/01/bringing-the-detonator-how-a-ukrainian-fpv-destroyed-a-russian-bridge/
“This is yet another example of how the extreme precision offered by FPV strikes more than compensates for the small payload.“
____________________________________________________________________________
THE DRONE, ROBOT, & MISSILE WAR (LATEST INNOVATIONS)
——————————————
New ground robots (UGVs) from both sides this week. Evacuating the wounded, carrying supplies, and clearing mines remain the highest priorities.
Murakha Joins the Fight: Ukraine’s New UGV Can Haul Half a Ton Through Warzones
https://en.defence-ua.com/news/murakha_joins_the_fight_ukraines_new_ugv_can_haul_half_a_ton_through_warzones-14983.html
“Ukraine’s Armed Forces will soon receive the Murakha, a new domestically developed unmanned ground vehicle capable of transporting over half a ton of cargo through mined terrain and under enemy fire.”
Russia Unveils Tracked UGV with Laser for Mine Clearance – What's the Intended Use?
https://en.defence-ua.com/news/russia_unveils_shvabes_tracked_ugv_with_laser_for_mine_clearance_whats_the_intended_use-15005.html
“Using the example of a ground-based drone for laser de-mining, Russians want to create the technological means to mass-produce small laser systems designed to combat Ukrainian drones.”
New Ratel H UGV Delivers Ammo, Evacuates the Wounded, & Crosses Mined Terrain — All Without a Crew
https://en.defence-ua.com/weapon_and_tech/new_ratel_h_ugv_delivers_ammo_evacuates_the_wounded_and_crosses_mined_terrain_all_without_a_crew-15039.html
“Ground platforms like Ukraine’s Ratel H are towing supplies and saving lives where it's too risky for people.”
Ratel H robot UGV carrying a battlefield casualty / Screenshot
——————————————
A new domestic-built Ukrainian FPV drone went into service this week. Fibre-optic, it resists jamming.
Ukraine's RONNI-13 Fiber-Optic System Hits the Battlefield
https://en.defence-ua.com/weapon_and_tech/built_to_survive_jamming_engineered_to_kill_ukraines_ronni_13_fiber_optic_system_hits_the_battlefield-14996.html
“With fiber-optic guidance, night-capable optics, and a strike payload, the RONNI-13 UAV is designed for survivability and lethality in the face of Russian jamming and armored targets, marking another step forward in Ukraine's rapid domestic drone development program.”
——————————————
Three strange battlefield firsts this week. First, an underwater FPV drone was used to blow up a small river crossing. Second, Russia has attached solar panels to FPV drones. This means they can recharge their batteries and wait until a target passes before attacking. Usually, FPV batteries drain in less than an hour. Finally, Ukraine’s drone bombers are dropping artillery shells on Russian positions. Their high accuracy more than makes up for them only being able to carry one shell at a time. No need for fancy (and very expensive) precision guided munitions. Once again, Ukraine has come up with a simple and cost-effective replacement of highly advanced guided munitions.
First Known Attack By Underwater FPV Destroys Russian River Crossing
https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidhambling/2025/07/04/first-known-attack-by-underwater-fpv-destroys-russian-river-crossing/
“The video shows an FPV underwater nestled close to one end of the crossing. The drone blows up, with video pulling back to show that the crossing has been destroyed.”
The submerged FPV, arrrowed, seconds before it detonated / Northern Eagles, 151st Motorized Rifle Brigade
Doom: Russia Deploys Solar Powered Ambush Drones
https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidhambling/2025/07/02/creeping-doom-russia-deploys-solar-powered-ambush-drones/
“Drone video from near the Dnipro bridge in Kherson region shows a Russian FPV with an unusual modification: a sheet of solar cells draped over the body. This is a clumsy setup using available materials, but it may be the first battlefield example of a new type of drone, one that can wait in ambush indefinitely.”
A Russian improvised solar drone seen in the Kherson region / Ukraine MoD
An Unexpected Turn in the Development of Precision Artillery Shells
https://bsky.app/profile/specialkhersoncat.bsky.social/post/3lsrcorn24c2e
“Ukrainian heavy drones drop 122mm and 155mm artillery shells on Russian positions. Kherson region.”
The shell is in the bottom left quarter of this image after the quadcopter bomber released it / Screengrab
——————————————
A Ukrainian drone has been built that can detect and map mines. This will be invaluable not only for any offensive operations but also in clearing minefields after the war.
Mine-Mapping FPV Developed
https://bsky.app/profile/grandparoy2.bsky.social/post/3lsuyrv6bmk22
A Ukrainian company called UADamage has developed a machine-learning drone that uses four different sensors to detect landmines. With day and infrared cameras, a magnetometer, and a ground penetrating radar (in development), up to 10,000 square meters can surveyed in a day.
The system is trained with machine learning algorithms to automatically detect explosive objects by analysing data as it gather it / Ukraine MoD
____________________________________________________________________________
THE DRONE WAR (THE AIR WAR)
——————————————
Russia has lost many of its Pantsir anti-air systems to FPV drones. Frequently it fails to shoot Ukraine’s higher altitude reconnaissance drones too. The Pantsir now has a missile designed specifically to target drones. Trouble is, FPV pilots already bring their drones in at grass level because the Pantsir cannot track or shoot at targets that low.
Russia Deploys New Anti-Drone Missiles for Pantsir System: First Batch Delivered
https://en.defence-ua.com/industries/russia_deploys_new_anti_drone_missiles_for_pantsir_system_first_batch_delivered-14988.html
“In 2024, Russia unveiled a new missile specifically designed to counter drones. Now, the first batch has entered service.”
Ukraine has extended its ‘upstream of the boom’ campaign. There has been an uptick in videos posted of the precisiion bombing of pilot hideouts and drone repair bases. Here’s one example:
Ukrainian MiG-29 Jet Destroys Russian Drone Repair Base With GBU-39 Bombs
https://en.defence-ua.com/news/ukrainian_mig_29_jet_destroys_russian_drone_repair_base_with_gbu_39_bombs-14999.html
“Using U.S.-made GBU-39 precision bombs, Ukrainian jet obliterated Russian UAV repair facility in the south.”
And a mysterious fast-moving converted light aircraft has been night-bombing Russians on the Kherson sector.
Previosuly Unseen Night Bomber Targets Russian Positions
https://bsky.app/profile/noelreports.com/post/3ltd26a3jak2a
“Russian forces on the Kherson front are complaining about a new guest in the night sky—a Ukrainian high-speed unmanned bomber delivering precise strikes on their positions. Its flight was captured on a Russian thermal imaging camera.”
Infra-red image of mystery Ukrainian night bomber (at top right) / Screengrab
____________________________________________________________________________
THE DRONE & MISSILE WAR (THE LONG-RANGE WAR)
——————————————
There has been extensive coverage in the mainstream media of Russia’s attacks on cities. However, what you will not have heard about are Ukraine’s continuous attacks (‘upstream of the boom’ again) on Russia’s defence industry, weapons stockpiles, and fuel depots.
It is very odd these are never reported, but there is an obvious answer: that Western journalists are based in the cities Russia targets. Understandably, these attacks feel immediate to them and are something they can report on easily. The Russian authorities make it impossible for those same reporters to report live from the locations that Ukraine targets and so they do not bother to tell their audience about them. What is shameful is that there is often abundant video they could use without cost (they can claim ‘fair use’ as long as they do not use too much of it). And, of course, open-source intelligence (OSINT) from satellite images is often available quickly too.
Sigh… welcome to The Under-Reported War where bad war reporting is the order of the day.
——————————————
Here is an incomplete list of targets attacked by Ukraine’s drones and missiles this week:
UAVs Hit Workshop of VNIIR-Progress Plant - It Manufactures Components for Missiles & Drones
https://en.defence-ua.com/news/uavs_hit_workshop_of_vniir_progress_plant_it_manufactures_components_for_missiles_drones_which_russia_terrorizes_ukraine_with-15044.html
“The plant manufactures the Kometa jam-resistant navigation modules (controlled reception pattern antenna, CRPA) that protect Russian drones from electronic warfare systems. The enterprise is located about 1,000 kilometers from the Ukrainian border.”
Ukrainian Defense Forces Attack Borisoglebsk Airfield, Engels Airfield Also Under Attack
https://en.defence-ua.com/news/ukrainian_defense_forces_attack_russian_airfield_borisoglebsk_engels_airfield_also_under_attack-15042.html
“A warehouse with guided bombs, a combat training aircraft and, probably, other aircraft were hit at the airfield… Engels is still a key airbase for Russian strategic aviation. It also regularly serves as a stopover airfield for Tu-95MS heavy bombers flying from Olenya airbase near Murmansk.”
Ukraine's General Staff Confirms Drone Strike on the Energiya Plant, Disrupts Supply of the Kh-35U and Iskander-M Missiles
https://en.defence-ua.com/industries/ukraines_general_staff_confirms_drone_strike_on_the_energiya_plant_disrupts_supply_of_the_kh_35u_and_iskander_m_missiles-15031.html
“In a targeted operation aimed at reducing Russia's offensive capabilities, Ukrainian drone units struck a critical military-industrial complex in the Lipetsk region of Russia overnight on July 3, the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine confirmed. The facility, identified as the Energiya plant in the city of Yelets, plays a significant role in supporting russia's precision weapons systems through the production of specialized batteries and power units.”
Russian Troops Lose Fuel Link as Ukraine Strikes the Saratovorgsintez Refinery in Saratov region
https://en.defence-ua.com/industries/russian_troops_lose_fuel_link_as_ukraine_strikes_the_saratovorgsintez_refinery_in_saratov_region-15010.html
“Ukraine's Defense Intelligence confirmed a successful attack on an oil refinery in Russia's Saratov region, disrupting fuel supply lines to the front.”
Russian Facilities Producing Thermobaric Warheads for Shaheds and Glide Bombs Hit – AOMZ Plant Targeted
https://en.defence-ua.com/news/russian_facilities_producing_thermobaric_warheads_for_shaheds_and_glide_bombs_hit_institute_of_applied_chemistry_aomz_plant_targeted-15036.html
“The Scientific Research Institute of Applied Chemistry (AOMZ) in Sergiyev Posad is involved in the development of thermobaric warheads with shrapnel for Shahed drones and rockets for the Solntsepyok system, while AOMZ is involved in the development of the KAB-1500L and seekers for Russian weapons.”
A Shahed-style drone and the now-famous Lyuti long-range drone both photographed before they hit AOMZ this week / Screengrab
——————————————
Autonomous drones are the next step beyond FPV drones. With built-in machine learning they can identify targets, home in on them, and destroy them. With the human pilot out of the loop, there is no radio signal to be jammed. Autonomous hunter-killer drones may have arrived just in time for Ukraine.
Ukrainian Air Force Reveals Success in Using Autonomous Drones to Take Down Russian Shahed drones
https://en.defence-ua.com/weapon_and_tech/ukrainian_air_force_reveals_success_in_using_autonomous_drones_to_take_down_russian_shahed_drones-15020.html
“Over 100 Shahed drones have been downed using Ukrainian-built interceptor UAVs, marking a shift in counter-drone warfare.”
——————————————
The Russians are starting to use semi-autonomous guidance on their new kamikaze drones too.
Self-Guided Chernika Drone: New Dangerous Russian Weapon Used For the First Time
https://en.defence-ua.com/weapon_and_tech/self_guided_chernika_drone_new_dangerous_russian_weapon_used_for_the_first_time-14995.html
“Russia launched a strike on Kharkiv, for the first time using a Chernika-series drone. Its larger version has a guidance function, a range of 100 km, and is already being produced in thousands.”
——————————————
Unlike Russia, Ukraine is very careful with its missile strikes.
Acting Commander of Russian 8th Army Killed
https://bsky.app/profile/noelreports.com/post/3lt3d5ytfzk2t“A missile strike hit the command post of Russia’s 8th Army on June 30… The strike killed 8 personnel, including the acting army commander, wounded 9, and left 4 missing.”
UPDATE: The acting commander was General Gudkov. And, in news no one should lament, a battalion commander from the 155th Naval Infantry, the accused war criminal Lieutenant Colonel Ildar Zakirov, was killed in the same strike.
____________________________________________________________________________
THE DRONE WAR (THE NAVAL WAR)
——————————————
Another week, another sea-launched Ukrainian aerial attack on, hilariously, Russia radars. They never seem to be able to defeat Ukraine’s quadcopter bombers no matter how advanced the radar is.
Ukraine’s Uncrewed Surface Vessels Are Now Launching Bomber Drones To Attack Crimea
https://www.twz.com/news-features/ukraines-uncrewed-surface-vessels-are-now-launching-bomber-drones-to-attack-crimea
“On the night of July 1 to 2, 2025, Ukraine’s Southern Defense Forces carried out a brilliant, high-precision special operation!,” the Ukrainian MoD claimed on X, adding that it destroyed three critical components of the prized Nebo-M radar system.
Unidentified Ukrainian Marine Drones Launch the Baba Yaga Bombers on Russian Radar Targets
https://en.defence-ua.com/news/unidentified_ukrainian_marine_drones_launch_the_baba_yaga_bombers_on_russian_radar_targets-15032.html
“Ukraine deployed quadcopter bombers from a maritime drone to hit Russian radar assets in Crimea.”
Baba Yaga drone bomber off Crimean cost before launch / Ukraine MoD
____________________________________________________________________________
GRIMLY HILARIOUS MOMENTS OF THE WEEK
——————————————
The US military is notorious for taking a long time to develop any new technology and, when it does, for over-engineering it. Or gold-plating it. Or both. To be fair, there is a good reason for taking a long time to make sure you have got things right. No one wants a weapon that decides not to work at the worst possible moment. Still, that doesn’t mean you cannot laugh at stories like this:
U.S. Army Drops Combat Grenade from Drone for First Time After Years of Development
https://en.defence-ua.com/news/us_army_drops_combat_grenade_from_drone_for_first_time_after_years_of_development-15026.html
“After [five] years of research and development, the U.S. Army has officially conducted its first successful combat grenade drop from a UAV — a capability long utilized by Ukrainian forces since the early stages of the war in Donbas.”
____________________________________________________________________________
FOREIGN AID & INVESTMENT IN UKRAINE
——————————————
Confirmation that the US was ceasing weapons shipment to Ukraine came this week:
Fears Of Disaster Brewing For Ukraine As U.S. Halts Weapons Shipments Over Stockpile Concerns
https://www.twz.com/news-features/fears-of-disaster-brewing-for-ukraine-as-u-s-halts-weapons-shipments-over-stockpile-concerns
“Air defense interceptors are atop the list of items being curtailed as Russia's ability to pummel Ukraine from afar is growing.”
Which Ukrainian Air Defense Systems Hinge on U.S. Missiles and Which Are Self-Sufficient
https://en.defence-ua.com/analysis/which_ukrainian_air_defense_systems_hinge_on_us_missiles_and_which_are_self_sufficient-15018.html
“Ukraine's air defense network is multi-layered and each layer has its own extent dependent on American anti-aircraft missiles.”
Not Just Stopping Aid, USA Redirects Arms Production For Ukraine, And Buying's Not an Option
https://en.defence-ua.com/news/not_just_stopping_aid_usa_redirects_arms_production_for_ukraine_and_buyings_not_an_option-15025.html
“An official statement from the U.S. points to a bigger problem about the military aid slated for Ukraine: even purchasing the weapons with money won't help here.”
But what you may not have heard is this story:
Ukraine Support: Europe largely fills the US aid withdrawal, lead by the Nordics and the UK
https://www.ifw-kiel.de/publications/news/ukraine-support-europe-largely-fills-the-us-aid-withdrawal-lead-byn-the-nordics-and-the-uk/
“Aid flows to Ukraine shifted significantly in March and April 2025. While the United States allocated no new aid during this period, European countries increased their support. As a result, Europe has, for the first time since June 2022, surpassed the U.S. in total military aid, totaling EUR 72 billion compared to EUR 65 billion from the U.S.”
Graph of average monthly aid to Ukraine 2022–24 versus 2025 / Kiel Institute for the World Economy
——————————————
Germany, like so many other nations supporting Ukraine, continues its effort to build Ukraine’s defence industry. It is a far more effective way of supporting Ukraine than donating obsolete, decades-old equipment.
Germany to Invest Over €100 Million in Production of Ukrainian An-196 Liutyi Strike UAV
https://en.defence-ua.com/news/germany_to_invest_over_100_million_in_production_of_ukrainian_strike_uav_an_196_liutyi-14969.html
“Ukraine will receive over €100 million from Germany to produce hundreds of An-196 UAVs with a range of over 2,000 km.”
A chance to show again a Lyuti long-range drone about as it joins a mass strike on Engels-2 strategic airbase in 2024 / Screengrab
____________________________________________________________________________
EUROPE REARMS
——————————————
Sweden is looking for a wider range of weapons that can strike Russia at longer ranges.
Sweden Seeks Long-Range Cruise Missiles to Strike Russia
https://en.defence-ua.com/analysis/sweden_seeks_long_range_cruise_missiles_to_strike_russia_because_deterrence_only_works_that_way-14989.html
“Among rocket artillery systems, potential choices include the HIMARS, the Israeli PULS, or South Korea’s K239 Chunmoo. As for cruise missiles, the country may turn to its domestically produced RBS-15 Mk IV Gungnir or the German-Swedish Taurus missile, which has yet to be integrated into operational Gripen jets.”
——————————————
Estonia has already had to endure cyber-warfare from Russia. Perhaps that is why it is far ahead of other NATO members in planning an integrated drone defence system.
Estonia to Deploy a "Drone Wall," But Is it Enough in Modern Realities?
https://en.defence-ua.com/news/estonia_to_deploy_a_drone_wall_but_is_it_enough_in_modern_realities-14994.html
“Amid hybrid attacks and threats from russia, Estonia decides to strengthen its eastern border with a comprehensive anti-drone network making use not only of the methods adopted in the West but lessons learned from Ukraine, too.”
——————————————
Making sure that all its members have rail networks capable of coping with the demands of military logistics is critically import. A network only works at the speed of its slowest bottleneck. Last year, NATO started removing the obstacles created by, for example Romania. It has a lot of work to do.
Romanian Railway Problem Can Paralyze All of NATO Logistics
https://en.defence-ua.com/analysis/romanian_railway_problem_can_paralyze_all_of_nato_logistics-15024.html
“Railways don't usually get much attention when analyzing a country's defense capabilities, however, the problems in Romania show that excessive bureaucracy and years of neglect can not only slow down, but even block NATO logistics altogether.”
Nice work!
I am trying to get a sense of how Ukraine is doing once Trump removed US Aid, at the same time that he removed sanctions from Russian war funding banks. I suppose Putin is making plans to use more N. Koreans. Again they seem to be totally dispensable from both N. Korea's and Russia's POV. It does seem to open up the door to more foreigners fighting for Ukraine. When I was looking it up I found this link to the foreign forces.
https://www.ildu.com.ua/